The quality of beam indicate the success of yarn sizing process. Sizing process of cotton yarn by size from a copolymer of methacrylic acid and hydrolyzed potato starch suzana djordjevic, stana kovacevic, dragan djordjevic, and sandra konstantinovic textile research journal 2018 89. Yarn manufacturing using cotton fibers through a sequence of processing stages may be shown by process flow diagram. Problems in desizing cotton textile materials fibre2fashion. First, the single spun warp yarns are sized and, after the yarn has been woven into fabric, the protective coating of starch is later removed by a desizing process. There appears to be little published information on.
It may be noted that finer or less bulky the yarn, higher is its count number or in other words, the size or bulkiness of the yarn is inversely proportional to the count number and that is why the system is known as indirect system. In this work, we demonstrate a completely green and economically viable sizing and desizing process for cotton and polyester yarns using liquid and supercritical co2 as alternative solvent systems and inexpensive, nonfluorous co2philes as size compounds. In this work, effects of major foamsizing process factors including size concentration, blowing ratio, stirring speed, prewetting temperature, predrying temperature, squeezing pressure and drying temperature were studied on the hairiness more than 3 mm. The processing of a cotton ring spun yarn must go through a carding machine. Drawing, in yarn manufacture, process of attenuating the loose assemblage of fibres called sliver q.
The most commonly used methods for cotton are enzymatic desizing and oxidative desizing. This is the most important segment of weaving preparatory process. Sizing process of cotton yarn by size from a copolymer of. Fabric manufacturing calculations process and product. Each pair of rollers spins faster than the previous one. Sizing may be done by hand, or in a sizing machine.
The cotton plants root system is very efficient at seeking moisture and nutrients from the soil. If it is desired, the fiber may also be combed which would be in addition to the carding. After winding and warping, sizing of yarn is done during beam preparation. Size ingredients are used on the weight of yarn 15% to 25%.
What is warping objects and importance of warping textile. Although sizing is a complex process which is key to successful weaving, it is also considered to be a nonvalueadded process. Yarns are produced in various sizes and textures, and also vary in other characteristics. From field to fabric, the process of making cotton transforms the raw fibers into threads, yarn and fabric in three steps. These mills start with raw bales of cotton and process them in stages until they produce yarn fibers twisted into threads used in weaving or knitting or cloth fabric or material constructed from weaving or knitting. This system is generally used for cotton, worsted, woollen, linen wet spun, etc. The process of claim 3, wherein after the dyed cotton yarn is sized, it is further processed by the steps of weaving it into a fabric and then overdyeing without removal of the solution. For all other counts, the higher the number the thinner the yarn. Article information, pdf download for sizing process of cotton yarn by.
It must therefore be removed before any subsequent wet processing of the fabric. Sizing e cacy does not depend only on the adhesion between the applied sizing agent and the yarn, but also on the ability to form a. According different yarn, choose different kind and process of slurry, and parameter of sizing. Desizing process in textile industry fashion2apparel. The size is added to grey fabric in a weaving preparatory process called sizing. The initial stage of the spinning process involves converting cotton in bales into the cone winding. Pdf modification of weaving process by integrated sizing. Sizing agents are selected on the basis of type of fabric, environmental friendliness, ease of removal, cost considerations, effluent treatment, etc. In tex, denier, decitex, linen, hemp, jute, woollen aberdeen and woollen us grain. Sizing materials are added to increase the strength of warp yarn. This study was aimed at investigating the process optimization of foam sizing for cotton yarns. What is sizing purpose of textile sizing properties of.
Sizing is done by applying various types of size materials on the yarn. Mar 20, 2018 blow room is the starting of the spinning operation where the fiber is opened, cleaned, mixed, micro dust removed and evened thus passed to carding machine without increasing fiber rupture, fiber neps, broken seed particles and without removing more good fibers. After winding and warping process yarn is sized during beam preparation. Jul 11, 2018 the ring spinning is the most widely used form of the spinning machine due to significant advantages in comparison with the new spinning processes. The process takes a fiber mass roving, reduces the mass through fiber drafting, inserts twist for strength, and winds the yarn onto a bobbin. Pdf textile desizing techniques abdul azeem academia. Sizing sizing is the process of applying protective adhesive coating on the yarn surface. Dye takes to mercerized cotton easier and thus produces richer tones. Ecofriendly sizing technology of cotton the authors. The process of applying a protective adhesive coating. Possibly, cotton is the fiber that has rooted the yarn manufacturing from fiber bale opening, followed by the series of continuous operations of blending, mixing, cleaning, carding, drawing, roving, and spinning. Desizing is the process of removing the size material from the warp yarns in woven fabrics. Pdf singleend sizing of yarn using a slot applicator.
Effect of sizing, weaving, and abrasion on the physical. Wrapping cotton yarn with a filament yarn may preclude the necessity for sizing prior to weaving and eliminate desizing and associated sizerecovery systems. On the other hand, the higher the number, the finer the yarn. Optimization of operational parameters of foam sizing process.
Mar 27, 2017 247 cotton, shown above, is a worsted weight 100% mercerized cotton from lion brand yarn. Size material presence leads to uneven dying disadvantages of sizing. Each of the hanks is 840 yards long, so the total length of the yarn is 8,400 yards. Universal yarn nazli gelin garden egyptian cotton crochet thread.
Drawing, also called drafting, in yarn manufacture, process of attenuating the loose assemblage of fibres called sliver q. Here we will explain each process in detail using some illustrations. There have been a number of developments in the quality of cotton fibers. In carpeting, for example, a filament yarn could consist of hundreds of filaments, most manufactured fibers have been produced in the form of a filament yarn. The process of applying a protective adhesive coating upon the yarn surface is called textile sizing.
Below mentioned is how the manmade fibers manufacturing process. Pdf comparative analysis of sizing machine parameters on. Synthetized potato starcha new eco sizing agent for cotton yarns. Goswami clemson university clemson, south carolina, u. Ring spinning is the oldest type of fiber spinning still in use. Sizing is the process of applying a protective adhesive coating on the surface of the yarn, so that the warp yarn can withstand against the weaving forces. During application of size materials steam is needed. A carded cotton ring spun yarn begins with a bale laydown. Us2980556a us641234a us64123457a us2980556a us 2980556 a us2980556 a us 2980556a us 641234 a us641234 a us 641234a us 64123457 a us64123457 a us 64123457a us 2980556 a us2980556 a us 2980556a authority us united states prior art keywords yarn ethylene oxide poly size weight prior art date 19570220 legal status the legal status is an. Blow room is the starting of the spinning operation where the fiber is opened, cleaned, mixed, micro dust removed and evened thus passed to carding machine without increasing fiber rupture, fiber neps, broken seed particles and without removing more good fibers. Drawing 2 with auto leveler first thing in spinning process. A study was made to define the proper ties of cotton nylon and cotton polyester spinwrapped yarn of various filament sizes, weaving effi ciencies, and fabric applications.
Analysis of properties of tencel yarn and cotton yarn 2. Figure 3 shows the flow of cotton staple fiber from the bale laydown through ring spinning. Aug 02, 2014 therefore sizing is termed as the heart of weaving. The lengthwise yarns in the woven fabric are called the warp yarn and the widthwise yarns in the woven fabric are called the weft yarn. Yarns play an important role in the fabric manufacturing process since a majority of the textile materials are constructed with yarns. Ring spinning, the widely used yarn formation technique.
Pdf a singleend sizing process was developed to eliminate the problems. In here we have discussed the process of cotton yarn manufacturing. Ecofriendly sizing technology of cotton the authors 20. From an economic standpoint, cottons water use efficiency allows cotton to generate more revenue per gallon of water than any other major field crop. Neither type of cotton is hands down better than the other. So that the warp yarn can withstand against the weaving forces. Sep 20, 2015 in carpeting, for example, a filament yarn could consist of hundreds of filaments, most manufactured fibers have been produced in the form of a filament yarn. The process entails treating a cottoncontaining yarn with a solution polyacrylamide polymer. Sizing is applied into the yarn mainly to improve the weave ability of warp yarn by making it more resistant to action of weaving i. The results show that the ecofriendly sizing technology can endow cotton yarn with better sizing properties, including significantly improved sizepickup, breaking strength, breaking elongation, abrasion resistance and substantially reduced yarn hair, than the traditional sizing technology with the use of pva.
The sizing liquor is applied on warp yarn with a warp sizing machine. Cottonwrapped yarnsa process to eliminate sizing and. Sizing and desizing of cotton and polyester yarns using. For knitting as well as nonwoven process, no need the sizes on the fabrics thus no need to desizing. In america, this process was a tedious, laborintensive activity done by hand until the 19th century. A study was made to define the proper ties of cottonnylon and cottonpolyester spinwrapped yarn of various filament sizes, weaving effi ciencies, and fabric applications. After the weaving process the fabric is desized washed.
From raw cotton to cotton fabrics toyota industries. Sizing is the process of giving a protective coating on the warp yarn to minimize yarn. The process of claim 1, wherein the cotton yarn has been dyed prior to sizing and the amount is about 4 to 8 wt %, based on the weight of the yarn. The basic functions of blow room are opening, cleaning, dust removal, blending and evenly. Textile spinning process of cotton yarn textile learner.
Yarns are also used for products such as sewing and embroidery thread, string, and rope. Mar 14, 1995 the process of claim 1, wherein the cotton yarn has been dyed prior to sizing and the amount is about 4 to 8 wt %, based on the weight of the yarn. Need knowledge and information about the size ingredients 12. Process of cotton desizing oxidative desizing enzymatic. Mercerized cotton will be shinier and stronger than nonmercerized varieties. So, if its a coarser yarn it will take fewer hanks, and less length to make up a pound. Anandjiwala cslr university of port elizabeth port elizabeth, south africa david m. Sizing cotton warp yarns with starch is an important process used as standard practice in the textile industry. Another way, sizing is an application of size and lubricants to the warp yarns. Universal yarn nazli gelin garden metallic egyptian cotton crochet thread.
There appears to be little published information on the effect of the sizing on the physical properties of the yarn and on the performance of the yarn in the weav ing operation. Sizing is the most important terms for weaving technology. Now twist the yarn and see that the yarn of unknown size is bigger or smaller than the 10 count yarn. The basic functions of blow room are opening, cleaning, dust removal, blending and evenly feeding the material on the card. Sizing components such as starch, thinboiling starch, carboxymethyl cellulose cmc, polyvinyl alcohol pva. Long length of warp yarns is found in this process. First, the single spun warp yarns are sized, and after the yarn has been woven into fabric, the protective coating of starch is later removed by a desizing process. Sizing is the process of applying an adhesive coating on the surface of the yarn. Synthetized potato starcha new eco sizing agent for. Optimization of operational parameters of foam sizing. Feel free to link to this page on your site if you find it useful. Grey cotton fabric contains natural impurities as well as size added to the fabric to facilitate weaving.
A quantitative knowledge of these effects is necessary. Because sizing has direct influence on the weaving. Sizing has been considered as an invention of the devil by some dyers and finishers because it is the main source of many processing problems. Yarn made out of staple fiber is known as spun yarn, because the staple fibers should undergo number of process stages so that a yarn. Textile yarn size calculator yarn conversion chart.
Various yarn faults like thick and thin place, larger knots are modified by this process. During wet processing, various chemicals are applied and before starting these processes we must be sure of maximum absorption of these chemicals. In this work, we demonstrate a completely green and economically viable sizing and desizing process for cotton and polyester yarns using liquid and supercritical co 2 as alternative solvent systems and inexpensive, nonfluorous co 2philes as size compounds. The study on process of terylene and cotton blending yarn. Therefore sizing is termed as the heart of weaving. The relationship of weight deviation and its cv between yarn and cotton yarn tencel e shown in ar.
From raw cotton to cotton fabrics the fabric usually used in the clothes we wear is produced through two processes. Above 50% sizing ingredients are used on the weight of yarn. We developed this online yarn conversion calculator to take the place of the old conversion table slide rules used in the past. A process for sizing spun yarns by adding urea in an amount of about 10 to 50% by weight of the weight of a polyacrylamide polymer, wherein the polymer and urea are applied in an amount sufficient to impart a high order of abrasion resistance to the yarn. The ring spinning machine is used in the textile industry to simultaneously twist staple fibers into yarn and then wind it onto bobbins for storage. Basic indexes 1 yg086c type yarn length measuring instrument, electronic balance, y802l eight baskets oven thermostat were applied into testing according to gbt 47432009. In this work, effects of major foam sizing process factors including size concentration, blowing ratio, stirring speed, prewetting temperature, predrying temperature, squeezing pressure and drying temperature were studied on the hairiness more than 3 mm and abrasion resistance of foam. Introduction to sizing of warp yarns textile study center. Acid steeping is a risky process and may result in the degradation of cotton cellulose while rot steeping, hot caustic soda treatment and hot washing with detergents are less efficient for the removal the starch sizes. When sizing is done in yarn which produces unbleached fabr ic is called pure sizing. The added matter or size is removed from the fabric by a process called desizing. The sizing material present on warp yarns can act as a resist towards dyes and chemicals in textile wet processing. This invention is to a process for sizing spun cotton yarns, especially dyed spun cotton yarns. Thus if there are 10 hanks of cotton yarn that weigh one pound, this is 10s yarn.
The use of this polymer system with a spun cotton yarn has been discovered both to overcome the previous excessive brittleness which had precluded use of polyacrylamide polymers as a size. In the cross section of a yarn there are usually a multiple number of staple fibers short fibers or filaments long fibers of unlimited length. Process for sizing spun cotton yarns exxon chemical. Textile sizing is one of the most important operations in weaving preparation. Prepare 10 pcs of yarn that you already know what size they are. Even today, ring spinning makes the widest range of yarn counts with the highest strength. Textile mills purchase cotton and receive the bales from gin yards or cotton warehouses. In this article, we used two sizing of blending yarns 20. If you find the yarn from the fabric to be smaller than the confirmed size yarn, you use a smaller confirmed size yarn to compare. Waxing agent specifically designed for wool and cotton warping process. Analysis on the spinning process and properties of tencel yarn. So, warping is important for accelerating the next sizing process. Process for sizing spun cotton yarns exxon chemical patents.
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